Heavy industry ni gaw grai sawng ai abrasion, corrosion, hte manu dan ai n-gun yawm ai lam ni hpe hkrum sha nga ai ten, ceramic lining system gaw galai shai wa ai hpaji masa langai hku nna paw pru wa nna, mungkan ting hta jak rung ni hpe makawp maga ai madang ni hte bungli galaw ai atsam hpe bai gram lajang ya ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun ja ai alumina (92%–95% Al2O3) shing nrai zirconia ceramics ni hte galaw da ai ndai ladat gaw, n-gun ja ai n-gang (sh) rubber vulcanization hku nna, n-gun ja ai n-gang n-gang ni hte matut mahkai da ai, laksan tile, panel, shing nrai, n-gang n-gang n-gang ni hpe hpawng de da ai. Ndai hkrang gaw laklai ai ngang kang ai lam (HRA 85 hta grau kaba ai (sh) maren sha re ai), manganese n-gang hta htam 10–20 grau n-gun ja ai, acid, alkali, grai katsi ai shara ni hpe ngang kang ai hku ninghkap lu ai (-50℃kaw nna 700℃) hpe jaw ya ai. Htunghking hku galaw ai steel (sh) rubber liners ni hte n bung ai sha, ceramic liners ni gaw, arung arai ni hpe awu asin byin shangun ai, nsen hpe 20–30% shayawm ya ai, grai hkra machyi ai hte matut manoi hkra machyi ai npu hta npawt nhpang hpe n-gun jaw ya ai.
Performance a akyu gaw grai sung ai. Hka htung hte nhprang sut rai htu sha ai lam hta, ceramic linings gaw nlung htu ai shara ni, ball mill ni, blast furnace hoppers ni hpe makawp maga ya nna, shata 8 kaw nna 10 ning jan du hkra bungli galaw ai aten hpe jat ya lu ai hte shaning shagu gram lajang ai manu hpe 45% shayawm ya lu ai. Cement hte wan jak ni hta, shanhte gaw clinker hka htung ni, nhprang wan jak ni, hte nhprang wan jak ni hpe makawp maga ya nna, n-gun kaba ai-n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai lam ni hpe hkam sharang lu ai. Chemical hte malu masha/tsi hpaga lam ni gaw, shanhte a -n hkru n kaja ai, n san seng ai lam hpe pat shingdang ai hte san seng ai madang ni hpe hkan sa ai n-gun n rawng ai nsam ni a majaw akyu hkam sha lu ma ai.
Industry hpe hkap la ai lam gaw lawan wa nga ai, manu jahpu-htuk manu ai, n law ai-hpaji masa ni hpe ra sharawng ai majaw re. 2033 ning du hkra, mungkan ting na ceramic lining gat lawk gaw 6% CAGR hte rawt jat wa na re ngu sawn la ma ai, dai hpe n-gun kaba ai -format liners (900×600mm du hkra), shingdu de shinggrup da ai hkrang ni, hte n-gun ja ai {ct{10}i} ni a matu rubber-ceramic-steel composite panel ni a majaw n-gun jaw ai. Ya aten hta, galaw shapraw ai ni gaw, lawan ladan jung na matu, tau hkrau galaw da ai tile ni kaw nna, yak hkak ai arung arai geometries ni a matu, n-gun n rawng ai monolithic linings ni du hkra, htuk manu ai hparan ladat ni hpe jaw nga ai.
"Ceramic lining systems gaw, n-gun ja ai bungli hta kaba dik ai hkra machyi lam hpe hparan ya lu ai: n-gun n rawng ai aten hpe n-gun n rawng ai hku n-gun n rawng ai ceramics galaw shapraw ai ningbaw langai tsun ai. "N bung ai ngang grin ai lam hte aten galu- manu jahpu hkoi shap ai lam hpe kayau kaya galaw ai hku nna, shanhte gaw daw ni hpe gram lajang ai lam sha n rai-shanhte gaw bungli galaw ai lam hpe hkam sharang lu na matu zai ladat hte bang ai lam re."
Hpaga lam ni gaw ngang grin ai lam hte akyu rawng ai lam hpe ahkyak shatai ai majaw, ceramic lining system gaw 2019 ning hta byin wa na matu jin jin rai nga sai.ja madangwear makawp maga na matu. Material science hte custom engineering hta matut manoi rawt jat wa ai hte maren, n-gun atsam arung arai nnan ni hpe galaw shapraw ai kaw nna, n-gun ja ai arung arai ni hpe bai jai lang ai du hkra, jai lang ai lam nnan ni de matut nna jat wa na rai nna, hpaga lam hta ngang grin ai rawt jat lam hpe shabyin ya na re.
